Saturday, January 5, 2019

We are Avatars Gaming Politics of Stereotypes


“Like all art that arises from culture, games are deeply political,” writes Alfie Down in her Guardian article entitled Video Games are Political. And according to American Psychology Association magazine, 91 % of children in the United States between the age of 2 and 17 play video games and nationally 99% of teenagers play these games. That is why, according to Erika Schickel, who in her article Grand Theft Mommy recounts her love of virtual games, video gaming” is currently framing the argument for the need to tighten restriction on content and rating video games to protect America’s youth from its immoral influences.”

However, the puritan impulses of the society toward sanctifying the field of gaming seems doomed from the start. It appeared not only destined to fail but also headed towards propagating the problem even more. Part of the problem seems to be the fact that “America’s youth” are not a homogeneous group that could be served with “one fits all” protective ruling. This is a challenge mainly because the games are informed by a culture which also lays on the foundations marked according to Sarkisian by favoritism in terms specific gender, color, and class. This makes the “protection of America’s youth” a contested proposition at best. This is to say that the psychology of game designing that relies on narratives of race, culture, and religion can’t be wholly divorced from the implicit and overt biases of the dominant culture.

Although political is not the first thing that comes to mind for the child or the adult player any video games nor are the expressed intentions of the producers, the tacit purposes behind the psychology that informs the designing, the marketing, the promotion and the messaging of games is political in their general sense. Schickel doesn’t subscribe to the ideas that gaming is immoral as she has shown in her story but only that the trapping of gaming is seductive for both adults and the young. Part of it this seduction is attributed to the sense of freedom that the gaming world promises for the child who lives under family sanctions of "dos and don’ts." Through the games introduced to the child wrapped as birthday or holiday gifts, the child draws a ticket for freedom. Because in the gaming world Schickel writes “everyone acts on their impulses, nobody watches their language; nobody has to bring a snack.” This freedom makes gaming perfect escape from the family of rules. Moreover, such relationships of the child playing with the world of the game and the promises of the act of gaming make gaming very complex political tool.

As a result, In the gaming world, the player is not only being political through identification with the already designated characters the storyline, the challenges or opportunities but also personally aggressed or acted upon as an avatar of cultural, religious, economic and political hegemonic voices the game’s politics perpetuates. Like any political tool, games serve the double purpose of offering a pleasurable respite for the player while unconsciously making the player the vessel of the messages the politics would want to impose. This is true for only on adults who feel they have a sense of distinguishing what to take or not but also on the children who are impressionable. Schickel writes, “What is interesting about the games is it forces you to behave in a socially unacceptable manner.” “The unacceptable” behavior, however, doesn’t present itself as such during the game. Because while gaming the individual is transformed. In the process of playing an avatar, the player itself become the avatar for the trapping of the psychology that I find the game designing.

Indeed, there are advantages that gaming brings to the child as Schickel implies in sharpening the child’s mind regarding problem-solving, insistence to complete task and sense of loyalty to peers. In spite of these advantages, Sarkeersian argues that associations made in the games to color, gender, and cultural codes, if they continue to promote the dominant "white good others bad myth," they remain dangerous. Further arguing the politics of games Alfie states games are “often biased – even when their designers intend them to be impartial – towards conservative, patriarchal and imperialist values such as empire, dominion and conquering by force.” For every side one takes, for every solution one searches, for every kill one scores and for every people one is forced to identify as a problem a political decision was made and the player by agreeing to go along with the “rules of the game” is made to condone them. Coercing the player into lending political consent to the popular culture.

As Schickel writes when playing the game, the player is no more partial or objective but subjective avatars acting like “Big Brother trying to mitigate the selfish drive that this game demands.” Everyone becomes a player in the politic of video games. There are works to be done to rid the world of video games of exoticization of women in general and colored women in particular on the one hand and the total misrepresentation or non-representation of diversity on the other.

Gaze as a Grammar of ‘Homo-reflectus’


Homo-sapiens can be redefined as homo-reflectus i.e. beings living by and for refined reflections of the self. And the 'reflections element' of the species is inherent in what each person ultimately accepts as being human. Examination of this inherent and common reality that one can't avoid living by and can’t imagine life without leads us to the inevitability of transaction of reflection through the currency of given, received, refuted or accepted gazes. An examination into the language we speak, the religion we follow, the philosophies we cherish, the dresses we wear, the lifestyle we follow, the things we feel free to see and the eyes we allow to be seen by, the cinema we prefer to watch, the way we prefer to be seen in the cinema, everything that made us who we are homo-reflectus is a manifested gaze.

As bell hooks in the Oppositional Gaze, puts it,” there is power in looking” because, she quotes Fanon, “This “look’ from - so to speak - the place of the other - fixes us, not only in its violence, hostility, and aggression but in the ambivalence of its desire.” Thus, an act of viewing a film is not just an act of participation in the gaze but also a participation in the power relation, a participation in the manifestation of how one is gazed at and thus defined, aggrieved, glorified and or fixed in the accepted grammar of the community. The gaze becomes as Fanon said more “oppressing “and “fixing” when it is compounded by the vocabulary of race introduced into it. The masculine, patriarchal gaze that sanctions a defined rendition for what 'the woman image' should be and this image is one that takes the woman as reflections of the wishes of the man. The oppression becomes more when the woman factor is coupled with color and racism.

Before cinema or other forms of projected images exercised the power of 'sanctioned looking’, language is the first mirror that the homo-reflectus is introduced into the exercise of the privileges of gaze. Each member of the community of language is offered preordained sets of eyes and perspectives with the grammar as spectacles into the self and into the world and into others. And all languages are statements of the power relations in a community. Language is a power relation manifest in the binaries between the strong and the weak, the privileged and the dispossessed, the man and the women and the master and the slave. It is thus evident to notice that the language of a patriarchal mode of thinking and sanctions a patriarchal mirror as the way of viewing the world in spite of the gender differences of its members.

As a result of the grammar of patriarchy, a woman for millennia, 'should teach' herself to see herself in terms of the secondary station she is given. She is an extension of a man a wo-man, she is the secondary, almost accidental being in the thought of the gods who happen to create her out of the man and for the man. In the patriarchy, religion is the first technology that gave the technical definition for the woman. And every subsequent technology both in ideas and in 'forms' have perpetuated the male gaze as 'the gaze,' the defining gaze that coffers on one the right of acceptance and conformity to be recognized as sane. A catalog of laws and rights that women were not part of the beneficiaries are numerous and are still many. The male universal gaze is the most common mirror awaiting any homo-reflectus as truth if it chose to comply, bow down and rhythm with the system. This is how the gaze works in cinema.

What is true for the man-woman binary is also true for the black-white binary. It is compounded when the double layered identification of black and woman come together into the gaze scene dominated by the patriarchal eyes. In the complex and yet fully unresolved racial scene of motion pictures in the west, where the black body in general and black women’s bodies, in particular, were subject of the centuries of defined set of conjugation in the grammar of the white-male-racist, gaze, the cinema not only projects the same but insists to impose it too. Hooks to this end writes that “Critical interrogating black looks were mainly concerned with issues of race and racism, the way racial domination of blacks by white overdetermined representation.”

That anything produced by the patriarchal grammar being a way to perpetuate its gaze is one thing while adding gender, race, and class makes the gazing dynamics even more complex. That is why a simple act of being at a movie theatre is enough an exercise of projected, accepted, resisted gazes in play both by self and others attesting to our tendency to seek refined reflections of self.

B-urn


"I have a special gift for you,” my mother said. 
It was the day I turned 18.
“Where is it?” I asked,
“Wait till the end of the barbecue," she replied;

It was the yearly Thanksgiving barbecue night,
The urge to fry was high,
And the fire was hungry for flesh;

The day went as usual;
The smell of fried meat churned appetites;
Happiness perfumed the air,
Laughters ignited candles of conformity;
This went on until an eerie silence descended on all at the end of the barbeque.

It was a sacred silence where everyone fell into a trance.
First, my uncle brought a sealed black urn and a white photo album from the living room and put it at the center of the backyard table
Mom told me to sit.

And the ritual started:

Dad turned towards the garden,
where two white Magnolia embraced, 
As if they were confiding secrets into each other.
He stared at them like a tree whisperer.

My Mom sat at the table, 
covered her eyes,
and in a silent sob sang muffled lines,
whose meaning I did not know until I received the gift:

She sang:

Oh Lord, your eyes have seen,
What happened that morning,
when prayer wane in the church lawn,
And the bells rang calling for Thanksgiving fun,
You have seen how the fire gloved men from the bench in the church,
Ended their supplication for you and dutifully run,
Out to the garden dragging their better-halves for a spot in the frontline,
and urging their little ones to hasten, hurry, hurry, 
you should not miss the spectacle in the scapegoats’ wince;
Oh, Lord,
the rush was like a race,
Enough the tree tall,
To view clear from miles,
For all eyes to marvel the tightening nooses,
Squeezing the last words from your children’s pain,
Their necks twisting in the blaze,
the smell of their flesh exciting the crowd,
And bones crackling to amuse,
Lord, your eyes have seen
How your children shouldered a nation’s sin,
Lord your eyes have seen.

At the end of the song, the Black Urn was unsealed,
“This is your gift. Look inside,” my mother said, and I did
“What is this charcoal?” I asked,
Her fingers pointed at an old newspaper cutout. And I read:
‘For the yearly thanksgiving Lynch Party,
Two niggers were beautifully roasted alive this morning
At the Valley Baptist Church.’
“What is this charcoal,” I said again blazing from inside.
“It is your Grandmother’s, right palm,
It was taken as a souvenir by a party goer
and recently bought back by the family.”
"Oh Lord," I said,
"Now your eyes have seen," my mom said.
………………………